Migraine Affects Women More Due to Hormonal and Lifestyle Factors, Experts Explain

Migraine, frequently misunderstood and sometimes dismissed as a mere "female ailment," is far more than a typical headache; it is a common neurological disorder characterized by a distinct set of symptoms. Its typical presentation involves throbbing or pulsing pain, often localized to one side of the head, though it can affect both. Without intervention, a migraine episode can persist for anywhere from four hours to three days.

Commonly associated symptoms include nausea, vomiting, and an heightened sensitivity to light, sound, or smells. In severe instances, individuals may find it impossible to perform daily activities, such as looking at a phone screen.

A medical practitioner based in Abuja, Yahaya Dan-Asabe, explained to PT Health Watch that the higher prevalence of migraine among women stems from a combination of genetic, hormonal, and neurological factors. He elaborated that variations in brain sensitivity, coupled with triggers like stress related to the menstrual cycle, emotional distress, insufficient sleep, and various sensory stimuli, contribute to this greater burden experienced by women.

Research indicates that women are two to three times more likely than men to experience migraine attacks, with some estimates showing prevalence rates of 32% in women versus 13% in men, and another study suggesting 20.7% compared to 9.7% respectively.

Following puberty, migraine incidence in women escalates significantly, becoming up to four times more common than in men. While the intensity and frequency of attacks can be comparable between sexes, women often endure longer-lasting episodes.

Experts largely attribute this disparity to the influence of hormonal shifts. Changes associated with menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause can directly affect both the severity and the duration of migraine episodes. Many women report the onset of migraines coinciding with their menstrual periods, while menopause may lead to a reduction in frequency and intensity.

Oestrogen, in particular, is a key factor. Shifts in oestrogen levels, especially in the pre-menstrual phase, have been linked to migraine onset, whereas progesterone seems to have a less pronounced effect. Additional elements such as genetics, brain structure, stress levels, and neuronal activity also play a role in women's increased susceptibility.

Beyond biological underpinnings, societal and environmental circumstances further shape how women experience migraines. Mr. Dan-Asabe pointed out that women are more frequently burdened with unpaid domestic duties and caregiving responsibilities, which can lead to increased stress and sleep disturbances – both well-established migraine triggers.

Other frequently identified triggers include changes in weather, strong fragrances, alcohol consumption, loud noises, and irregular meal schedules.

Mr. Dan-Asabe advised individuals to maintain consistent sleep schedules, ensure adequate hydration, and adhere to regular meal times. He also recommended avoiding known triggers whenever feasible.

He further stressed the importance of seeking medical attention for persistent or severe symptoms to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.